As with other orchard crops, cocoa farming requires time, with cacao trees yield. Ghanas cocoa production grew an average of 16% between 200003. Sustainable and futureoriented cocoa producon in ghana. Hand pollination of cocoa trees yielding more returns for. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. They further stated that of the 14million global estimates of workers engaged in cocoa production.
Ghana s cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. The vast majority of cocoa farms are not owned by the companies that make chocolate products or supply cocoa. Cocoa production in a nutshell make chocolate fair. The cocoa industry in west africa antislavery international. The ghana cocoa platform is an initiative aimed at enhancing publicprivate dialogue and joint action planning to support the scale up of sustainable production in the sector. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2.
It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghanas reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. Jun 07, 2015 current seasons production targets of cocoa 20142015. Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20. At the beginning of the 20142015 cocoa season, ghana s cocobod projected a target yield of 1million tons. Moreover, cocoa production in cote divoire exceeded the figures recorded by the secondlargest producer, ghana x tonnes, twofold. Cote divoire x tonnes constituted the country with the largest volume of cocoa production, comprising approx. A projection that many analysts described as over ambitious from the onset. The programme seeks to significantly reduce carbon emissions resulting from cocoa expansion into forests through the promotion of appropriate climatesmart cocoa production approaches, including. Cocoa is the ultimate small farmer crop, mostly grown on tiny plots of land. This paper discusses ghana s cocoa industry from the innovation systems perspective. Guide describing trade and industry practices, as well as regulations applying to cocoa traces customs procedures, systems and techniques used at each stage of the cocoa supply chain. Cocoa is ghana s most important agricultural export crop and provides the third largest.
Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa foreword 5 foreword by dr stephanie barrientos and professor kwadwo asensookyere ghana is renowned for the quality of its cocoa production and the crop plays a major role in the economy in terms of employment, incomes and. It originates from the seeds cocoa beans of the cocoa fruits cocoa pods, which grow on cocoa trees. The paper describes the trends in cocoa production and processing and highlights the key characteristics. In 2011, ghanas lightcrop cocoa harvest, which produces smaller beans, more than doubled to 97,965 metric tons in the 12 weeks of the season to sept.
The ghana cocoa board cocobod regulates the cocoa industry in ghana, with a primary mandate of enabling production, processing, and marketing of cocoa as efficiently and effectively as possible ghana cocoa board, 2012. We estimate ghana s cocoa production in 201920 at 855 thousand tonnes, 5 percent above a year earlier, but 6 percent below two years ago. Increased producer prices were a central part of the reforms, as well as a number of. Assessment of incentives for mainstreaming sustainable cocoa production. Combining forces of the cocoa board and the forestry commission. The growing population of cocoa farmers also reinvested its profits in expan ding cocoa production in the western end of ghanas forest zone, rapidly shifting the production frontier into ashanti and brong. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghana s cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. Hand pollination of cocoa trees yielding more returns for farmers in the western region. Downloads cocoa market outlook conference september 2016. It is poised to maintain ghana premium quality cocoa.
Cocoa production and related socialeconomic and climate. In 201011, ghana cocoa exports reached a record high of 1,004,000 mt, which is 35. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. Returns to public agricultural spending in the cocoa and noncocoa subsectors of ghana abstract using public expenditure and agricultural production data on ghana from 1961 to 2012, this paper assesses the returns to public spending in the agricultural sector, taking into. Ghana to hit twomillion metric tonnes of cocoa production by. The growing population of cocoa farmers also reinvested its profits in expan ding cocoa production in the western end of ghana s forest zone, rapidly shifting the production frontier into ashanti and brong. Each of these activities requires certain investments in labour and inputs to produce good yields. Approximately fifty countries in the intertropical zone grow cocoa beans, three of which dominate world production. Its importance is not only in the contribution of about 25% annually of the total foreign exchange earnings but. Advanced value chain collaboration in ghanas cocoa sector. The procedures for becoming a member of the international cocoa organization are provided in articles 52 to 57 of the international cocoa agreement, 2010.
The timeline depicts the trend in global cocoa production from 198081 to 201718 and provides a forecast for 201819. An empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. The platform will consist of long term facilitated dialogues for stakeholders directly involved with the ghanaian cocoa supply chain. Cote divoire and ghana are the largest producers, followed by nigeria and cameroon.
The study was carried out in ayedire local government area lga of osun state. Cocoa production occurs in the countrys forested areas. Economic cacao cultivars are grown for the production of dried beans, which are the source of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter, cocoa cake and cocoa powder. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014.
Cacao is a fastgrowing tropical forest plant, capable of being cultivated in association with other trees, and providing additional goods like timber and firewood, fruits, construction materials. Let us hope for another such season to compensate for some of the main crops shortfall. The topics can be used by fieldextension officers in addition to topics on good agricultural practices. Various intervention programs to help farmers improve productivity at the farm level have been used over the past few decades. The oldest of the three major production basins see map 1 covers central america and.
Cocobod, ghana cocoa production, processing and marketing. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 900 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. The period 2000 to 2015 cocoa crop year was used for the study since a major cocoa production boom was observed in ghana between 2000 and 2003. The determination of producer price in ghanas cocoa sector and the provision of service to cocoa farmers by mr. Cocoa production for that matter has always been a key driver of agricultures contribution to the socioeconomic development of ghana. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana food and. Mar 16, 2016 cocoa production for that matter has always been a key driver of agricultures contribution to the socioeconomic development of ghana. The quality control company, the cocoa research institute of ghana, the cocoa marketing company, and. These problems have made cocoa production less attractive to the youth with the result that the average age of the cocoa farmer is over 50 years. Smallholders account for more than 90 per cent of cocoa production, with average farm sizes of just two to three hectares. Pdf this article analyses cocoa production in ghana from 1990 to 2011, using johansen cointegration and ols regression approaches. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa foreword 5 foreword by dr stephanie barrientos and professor kwadwo asensookyere ghana is renowned for the quality of its cocoa production and the crop plays a major role in the economy in terms of employment, incomes and foreign exchange earnings. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Likewise, one cannot think of ghana tionwithout thinking of its cocoa.
Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. Agriculture sector policy note transforming agriculture for economic growth, job creation and food security the world bank group agriculture global practice. One of such programs is the cocoa abrabopa program. There appears to be scope to improve the efficiency of the marketing board and service delivery, and. In this regard, enhancement of the soil fertility status of cocoa farms is critical appaih et al. Data posted on this web page cover production of cocoa beans by the main producingexporting countries for the last three cocoa years.
The icco international cocoa agreement is available to download in acrobat pdf format. The cocoa rehabilitation project crp was the first adbadf financed cocoa project in ghana. Ghana seeks investment from china to improve cocoa production. Lastly, one of the most lucrative farming and exporting business that an aspiring can start in ghana is to go into cocoa production or farming. In view of the sustainability of cocoa production in ghana, many activities are enrolled. Selected major merger and acquisition deals in the cocoa industry since 2010a. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security. In some countries, companies that purchase cocoa in bulk are, in fact, prohibited from purchasing cocoa directly from farmers. The cocoa year runs from 1 october to 30 september.
Insight into the standard of living of ghanaian cocoa. Having recognised this problem, cadbury cocoa partnership, started in 2008 in ghana with the aim of seeing thriving cocoa communities that ensures a sustainable cocoa supply chain. Mar 18, 2017 to address the growing global demand for cocoa, sustainable intensification of its production in west africa is considered crucial. Child labour is due to a combination of root causes, including structural poverty, increased cocoa production, and a lack of schools and other infrastructure. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire employing interview schedule. Pdf assessing the challenges facing cocoa production in. The production of cocoa begins in the tropical regions around the equator, where the hot and humid climate is well suited for growing cocoa trees. Forecasts for the current cocoa year and more detailed information are available in the quarterly bulletin of cocoa statistics, published by icco. This paper analyzes the determinants of cocoa productivity and profitability by smallholder farmers in ghana to provide insights into challenges for future cocoa farming, which will guide the formulation and prioritization of tailored policies to address them. The typical ghanaian cocoa producer earns his livelihood on a diversified family farm with the revenues from the cocoa enterprise accounting for about 55% of the household. Oct 12, 2018 discover all statistics and data on cocoa industry now on. In recent times, matters involving cocoa production have not been so pleasant for industry players both farmers and processors thus adversely affecting fortunes of the oncevibrant and lucrative sector.
How to become an icco member international cocoa agreement 2010. Its specific objectives were to i increase cocoa production to give an annual output of at least 300,000 tons per year by year 1995. This study focuses on the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. Pdf cocoa production has been the backbone of ghanas. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghana s main cash crop. Aug 09, 2019 in 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 900 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Constraints for future cocoa production in ghana springerlink. In contrast, the expansion of cocoa production in ghana is a success story of african. Nov 10, 2017 20171110 ghana s cocoa production is expected to hit two million 2m metric tonnes by 2019, mr joseph boahen aidoo, chief executive officer ceo of cocobod has hinted.
Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world. Post forecasts ghana s cocoa bean production in my 201112 at 1. Ghana is in a good position to profile itself as world leading in sustainable, high quality cocoa. Based on the study, researchers recommend that the ghana cocoa board cocobod intensifies its efforts in.
A total of 637 households with 3392 persons were randomly sampled using a multi staged sampling technique from eleven cocoa districts in ghana. In the beginning of the 21st century the cocoa production. A total of 85 villages in the four regions were visited and household heads were interviewed. The sample size in each region was proportional to its cocoa production. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa. Apr 15, 2017 with worldwide chocolate sales being projected to increase by 6.
Cocoa farming an overview international cocoa initiative. A training manual for field officers world cocoa foundation. Although cocoa has been cultivated for centuries in central america, it is a relative newcomer to africa, and even more recent in asia. The revival of cocoa began with the economic recovery program of 1983. A history of exploitation antislavery international. The widespread use of children in cocoa production is controversial, not only for the concerns about child labor and exploitation, but also because, as of 2015, up to 19,000 children working in cote divoire, the worlds biggest producer of cocoa, may have been victims of trafficking or slavery. Projects on sustainable cocoa production in ghana related to forests. Assessment of land tenurerelated constraints to cocoa productivity in ghana 3 1. Pdf an empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. The study is expected to provide food for thought and input for strategic decisionmaking. Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential.
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